Show Notes
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#portmanteaubiota #NeoEuropes #epidemicdiseaseasymmetry #Europeanlivestockexpansion #settlercolonialecology #EcologicalImperialism
Alfred W. Crosby's Ecological Imperialism is a landmark work of environmental history that explains European expansion between roughly 900 and 1900 through biology, ecology, and geography as well as politics and conquest. Building on his earlier work on the Columbian Exchange, Crosby asks why European settler societies became especially durable in temperate regions such as North America, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of South America. His answer centers on the movement of organisms: epidemic diseases, domesticated animals, crops, weeds, and other species that traveled with Europeans and altered the conditions of colonization. The book does not deny military force, commerce, or imperial ambition, but it argues that these factors cannot fully explain why some colonial projects became demographic replacements while others remained fragile. Its purpose is to show that human history is inseparable from the histories of plants, animals, microbes, and landscapes, making it foundational for readers interested in colonialism, environmental change, and global history.